波纹巴非蛤肉的食品化学特性及其在鱼糜制品中的应用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

章超桦  洪鹏志  雷晓凌 《广东海洋大学学报》2000,20(1)

对波纹巴非蛤肉进行的食品化学特性研究表明 :其贝肉的粗蛋白含量为 70 .6 % (干基 ) ;蛋白质营养价高 ,氨基酸价为 85(第 1限制氨基酸为 Trp) ,并富含 Glu(10 0 g样品中 2 .2 g;以下单位同 )、Asp(1.4 7g)等呈味氨基酸及提取物成分 ,Ca、Fe等无机质含量丰富。波纹巴非蛤肉以 30 %的比例添加到蛇鲻鱼糜中 ,可制得具有贝类风味 ,色泽、弹性良好的“花甲螺丸”  相似文献   

高盐胁迫对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长、代谢和抗氧化酶活力的影响     

董甜甜  崔彦婷  王忠凯  龙劲男  陈怡更  王聪  赵楠楠  王仁杰  李玉全 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(5):1239-1245

为分析高盐胁迫对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长、代谢和抗氧化酶活力的影响,实验以平均体重(3.0±0.4)g,平均体长(7.6±0.2)cm的凡纳滨对虾为实验材料,设置25(对照组)、35、45、55四个盐度梯度,分别于实验开始后0d、10d、20d、30d取样,检测对虾体重、体长、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的含量以及苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力,计算增重率、增长率、特定生长率和成活率。结果表明,随着盐度升高,凡纳滨对虾的增重率、增长率、特定生长率和存活率均逐渐降低, 55盐度组各生长指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05);10d时TG含量随着盐度的增加逐渐降低,55盐度组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。20d和30d时逐渐升高, 55盐度组显著高于对照组(P0.05); 55盐度组的TC含量最高,且30d时显著高于其他组(P0.05); 45盐度组、55盐度组MDH活力在10d时显著低于对照组(P0.05),但20d和30d时显著高于对照组(P0.05);35盐度组、45盐度组ATP含量在10d和20d时升高,且显著高于对照组(P0.05);各处理组T-SOD和CAT的活力整体高于对照组,且随着实验时间的延长,呈上升趋势。研究结果表明,高盐胁迫不利于凡纳滨对虾的生长和存活,但可以激活凡纳滨对虾的抗氧化能力,使抗氧化酶活力升高,并显著影响对虾的脂类代谢。  相似文献   

长江口几种优势桡足类对微型浮游动物的摄食研究     

汤宏俊  孙松 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(1):148-156

利用现场海水培养实验,结合浮游动物网样数据,研究长江口邻近海域几种优势桡足类(中华哲水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤、太平洋纺锤水蚤和精致真刺水蚤)对微型浮游动物的摄食影响。结果表明,精致真刺水蚤虽然属于肉食性种类,但几乎不摄食微型浮游动物;其余三种杂食性桡足类中华哲水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤和太平洋纺锤水蚤对微型浮游动物(纤毛虫+异养甲藻)的摄食率分别为0.66、0.09和0.59μg C/(ind·d),分别占其日总摄食量的29%、24%和37%。其中,异养甲藻在初始生物量和对桡足类饵料贡献上分别占整个微型浮游动物的30%和28%,是微型浮游动物中一个重要的组成类群。中华哲水蚤对微型浮游动物的摄食率与初始食物浓度有显著的正相关关系,并且对体长20μm纤毛虫的清滤率要明显高于对体长20μm的纤毛虫(P0.01)的清滤率,表明其偏好摄食较大个体的食物。通过Chesson选择性指数显示,尽管微型浮游动物在生物量上远小于浮游植物,但桡足类能优先选择摄食微型浮游动物;进一步结合网采浮游动物数据,获得各站三种优势桡足类丰度平均占桡足类总丰度的77%,但它们对微型浮游动物现存生物量的摄食压力仅为0.8%,表明桡足类对微型浮游动物群落的下行控制作用并不明显,仍有大部分微型浮游动物生物量未通过摄食途径进入到桡足类群落中。  相似文献   

Short-term effects of changes in water management on the limnological characteristics and zooplankton of a eutrophic Mediterranean coastal lagoon (NE Iberian Peninsula)     

Badosa A  Boix D  Brucet S  López-Flores R  Quintana XD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(8):1273-1284

The Ter Vell (NE Iberian Peninsula) is a eutrophic coastal lagoon which has been flooded by the excess irrigation water and the agricultural runoff during the last decades. Between 1999 and 2003, restoration measures were applied to improve its water quality. At the same time, but independently, agricultural water management drastically reduced the freshwater inflow. The short-term effects of these management actions on the limnological characteristics of the lagoon were analysed by comparing two hydrological cycles, one before (1999/2000) and the other one after (2002/2003) the actions. The two cycles are illustrative of opposite situations in the hydrological functioning of coastal wetlands. In the first, the lagoon was exorheic, with prolonged flooding periods and a low residence time; in the second, it had a more endorheic character, with scarce water inputs and prolonged periods of confinement. Consequently, nitrogen inputs diminished and organic load and salinity increased as the internal loading and the accumulation effects became more relevant. These effects were actually caused by the drastic reduction in the freshwater inflow which prevented, in turn, the success of the restoration measures. The zooplankton community of the Ter Vell lagoon was not significantly altered by the hydrological change, at least in the short-term, and rotifers and cladocerans, mainly those species indicative of eutrophy, dominated the community.  相似文献   

黑色岩系中海底热液SEDEX矿床的研究概况   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

江永宏 《地质找矿论丛》2010,25(3):177-187

黑色岩系是含硫化物和有机质较高的暗色泥质岩、硅岩、碳酸盐岩组合,黑色岩系中以海底热液喷流作用形成的矿床是国际研究热点。因为海陆变化、壳幔作用以及全球构造变动均导致黑色岩系和SEDEX矿床的演化,所以研究湘黔张家界—遵义地区有机物从保存、埋藏、生烃、排气到过成熟,均与微生物的生命代谢、内生地质作用、成矿机制同步谐动,地球化学影响和生物成矿作用与全球性的气候变迁、缺氧事件相关联,而且以上研究集中体现在事件地质学的成因解释、热水喷流沉积作用、生物矿化与金属矿化、矿物成因与环境影响、铂族元素矿物、黑色页岩石煤与金属矿化、元素地球化学影响等方面。研究数据充分显示了特定的地质背景、成矿环境、生物作用机制在黑色岩系SEDEX矿床成岩成矿中的作用。  相似文献   

文昌鱼嘌呤代谢酶基因:结构与演化   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张宇  丛艺  张士璀 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2009,39(1)

嘌呤代谢是动物含氮废物排出体外的重要途径之一.嘌呤代谢终产物在不同动物各不相同.这是由于进化过程中,参与代谢1种或多种酶基因或者酶活性的丢失所致.本文从JGI网站佛罗里达文昌鱼基因组数据库中搜索文昌鱼参与嘌呤代谢主要5种酶(黄嘌呤脱氢酶、尿酸酶、尿囊素酶、尿囊酸酶、尿素酶)的基因,并且将它们与其他12种具有代表性且基因组序列已知的动物包括人、小鼠、狗、鸡、爪蟾、河豚、斑马鱼、海鞘、海胆、果蝇、线虫、海葵的基因结构进行比较.结果发现文昌鱼参与嘌呤代谢的酶基因有的和脊椎动物基因相似(黄嘌呤脱氢酶和尿酸酶),有的和脊椎动物与无脊椎动物的基因都不相似(尿囊酸酶),还有的和无脊椎动物海胆与海葵基因外显子个数与内含子相位都相似但外显子之间缺乏对应关系(尿素酶).所有这些都支持文昌鱼代表脊椎动物始祖代表类型,同时兼具特化特征的观点.尿素酶基因存在于水生无脊椎动物中,而在陆生的果蝇和线虫中均未发现尿素酶基因,因而我们推测随着动物由水生向陆生进化,参与尿素分解的尿素酶基因可能在陆生动物中完全丢失.  相似文献   

ROBUST: The ROle of BUffering capacities in STabilising coastal lagoon ecosystems     

Rutger de Wit  Lucas J. Stal  Bente Aa. Lomstein  Rodney A. Herbert  Hans van Gemerden  Pierluigi Viaroli  Victor-Ugo Cecherelli  Francisco Rodríguez-Valera  Marco Bartoli  Gianmarco Giordani  Roberta Azzoni  Bart Schaub  David T. Welsh  Andrew Donnelly  Ana Cifuentes  Josefa Antn  Kai Finster  Lise B. Nielsen  Anne-Grethe Underlien Pedersen  Anne Turi Neubauer  Marina A. Colangelo  Sander K. Heijs 《Continental Shelf Research》2001,21(18-19)

“Buffer capacities” has been defined in ecology as a holistic concept (e.g., Integration of Ecosystem Theories: A Pattern, second ed. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1997, 388pp), but we show that it can also be worked out in mechanistic studies. Our mechanistic approach highlights that “buffering capacities” can be depleted progressively, and, therefore, we make a distinction between current and potential “buffering capacities”. We have applied this concept to understand the limited “local stability” in seagrass ecosystems and their vulnerability towards structural changes into macro-algal dominated communities. We explored the following processes and studied how they confer buffering capacities to the seagrass ecosystem: (i) net autotrophy is persistent in Zostera noltii meadows where plant assimilation acts as a sink for nutrients, this contrasted with the Ulva system that shifted back and forth between net autotrophy and net heterotrophy; (ii) the Z. noltii ecosystem possesses a certain albeit rather limited capacity to modify the balance between nitrogen fixation and denitrification, i.e., it was found that in situ nitrogen fixation always exceeded denitrification; (iii) the nitrogen demand of organoheterotrophic bacteria in the sediment results in nitrogen retention of N in the sediment and hence a buffer against release of nitrogen compounds from sediments, (iv) habitat diversification in seagrass meadows provides shelter for meiofauna and hence buffering against adverse conditions, (v) sedimentary iron provides a buffer against noxious sulfide (note: bacterial sulfide production is enhanced in anoxic sediment niches by increased organic matter loading). On the other hand, in the coastal system we studied, sedimentary iron appears less important as a redox-coupled buffer system against phosphate loading. This is because most inorganic phosphate is bound to calcium rather than to iron. In addition, our studies have highlighted the importance of plant–microbe interactions in the seagrass meadows.  相似文献   

Variation of phytoplankton biomass and primary production in Daya Bay during spring and summer   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

Song X  Huang L  Zhang J  Huang X  Zhang J  Yin J  Tan Y  Liu S 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(11-12):1036-1044

Environmental factors, phytoplankton biomass (Chl a) and primary production of two water areas in Daya Bay (Dapeng'ao Bay and Aotou Bay) were investigated during the transition period from spring to summer. Chl a ranged from 3.20 to 13.62 and 13.43 to 26.49 mg m(-3) in Dapeng'ao Bay and Aotou Bay respectively, if data obtained during red tides are excluded. Primary production varied between 239.7 and 1001.4 mg Cm(-2) d(-1) in Dapeng'ao Bay. The regional distribution of Chl a and primary production were mostly consistent from spring to summer in both bays. Seasonal transition characters have been found in Daya Bay from spring to summer, including high values of DO, nitrate and silicate. Size structures of phytoplankton and its primary production do not change very much from spring to summer, with micro-phytoplankton dominating and contributing about 50% of the whole. In Daya Bay, phytoplankton is limited by nitrogen in spring, and by phosphate in summer. Artificial impacts are evident from high temperature effluent from nuclear power stations, aquaculture and sewage. During the investigation, a red tide occurred in Aotou Bay, with a maximum Chl a of 103.23 mgm(-3) at surface and primary production of 2721.9 mg Cm(-2) d(-1) in the red tide center. Raised water temperature and nutrient supply from land-sources help to stimulate annual red tides.  相似文献   

Internal-wave-induced and double-diffusive nutrient fluxes to the nutrient-consuming surface layer in the oligotrophic subtropical North Atlantic     

Heiner?DietzeEmail author  Andreas?Oschlies  Paul?K?hler 《Ocean Dynamics》2004,54(1):1-7

In the literature, an inconsistency exists between estimates of biotically-effected carbon export inferred from large-scale geochemical studies (Jenkins 1982; 47 gC m^–2 a^–1) and local measurements of turbulent nutrient supply (Lewis et al. 1986; 4 gC m^–2 a^–1) in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic. Nutrient supply to the upper ocean by turbulent mixing is reexamined using local standard oceanographic measurements and high-resolution vertical profiles of nutrients averaged over a large region directly comparable to that investigated by Jenkins (1982).Responsible Editor: Franciscus Colijn  相似文献   

生态足迹评介及国际研究前沿   总被引：68，自引：1，他引：67  

龙爱华  张志强  苏志勇 《地球科学进展》2004,19(6):971-981

生态足迹评价方法是评估可持续发展的一个全球可比的、可测度的直观且综合的指标,有明显的政策含义,是迄今提出的评估可持续发展的众多指标中最受生态经济学界关注、推崇和广泛应用的一个指标。评介了生态足迹方法模型的优缺点,综述了国际上生态足迹研究的最新进展及研究前沿,指出了国内围绕生态足迹研究应该尽快开展的工作：①生态足迹方法模型的改进及应用研究;②丰富生态足迹方法模型携带的信息量和政策内涵;③社会经济系统新陈代谢以及人类对初级生产力的占用研究;④消费模式与全球资源和环境的压力的关系;⑤物质流核算帐户研究和生态包袱分析研究。  相似文献